Overview Dualism, in the philosophy of mind, says mental reality cannot be fully reduced to physical reality. The split may be ontological (two substances), …

Overview Panpsychism is the view that mind-like or experiential aspects are fundamental and pervasive in reality. It does not necessarily say that rocks have …

Tononi Giulio Tononi’s Integrated Information Theory (IIT) proposes that consciousness corresponds to integrated causal structure in a system. Core thesis: …

Overview Quantum theories of consciousness try to answer a hard question: can classical neuroscience alone explain subjective experience, or does consciousness …

Overview The neurobiological approach asks a simple question with huge implications: if consciousness happens in nature, what exactly is the brain doing when …

Overview Idealism is the view that mind, consciousness, or awareness is not a side-effect of matter, but fundamental to reality. In its strongest forms, the …

Overview Eliminative illusionism is one of the boldest ideas in consciousness philosophy. It says: maybe what we call “raw inner feel” (qualia) is not what we …

Overview Consciousness is the most intimate fact of life and the hardest thing to explain. We know, directly and indubitably, that experiences occur: pain …

Overview Non-reductive physicalism (NRP) is the attempt to hold two commitments at once: Everything is physical in the sense that reality is one natural order. …

Overview Monism is the family of views claiming that reality is fundamentally one kind of thing, one underlying principle, or one unified ontological ground. …